Modern spring boot apps I've seen are actually really easy to debug. More often than not there isn't even an interface used, the dependency injection is just for having easily mockable unit tests. In my opinion it doesn't feel obfuscated or hard to debug, especially because the tests can be easy to read and write.

In saying all this I normally use js or python for personal projects, it's just that I still see JVM projects specifically using these frameworks (spring, quarkus) working fantastically for long lived, enterprise apps